Building codes for staircase construction
When it comes to building a staircase, there are a number of building codes that must be followed to ensure the safety and stability of the structure. These codes dictate everything from the dimensions of the stairs to the materials used in their construction. In this article, we will explore some of the most important building codes for staircase construction.
Height and width requirements
According to building codes, the height and width of each step in a staircase must be uniform throughout the entire flight of stairs. This is to ensure that individuals can navigate the stairs safely and without tripping. The general rule is that the height of each riser, which is the vertical distance between each step, should be between 4 and 7.75 inches. The width of each tread, which is the horizontal surface of the step, should be at least 10 inches wide.
Handrail specifications
A proper handrail is an essential safety feature for any staircase. Building codes dictate that a handrail should be provided on at least one side of the stairs if the stairs have more than three risers. The handrail should be graspable and located between 34 and 38 inches above the nosing of the treads. Additionally, building codes specify that the handrail should extend at least 12 inches beyond the top and bottom riser of the staircase.
Baluster requirements
Balusters, also known as spindles or stair sticks, are the vertical posts that provide support to the handrail of a staircase. Building codes dictate that the gap between balusters should be less than 4 inches to prevent the possibility of a child’s head getting stuck in between. Additionally, the height of the handrail should be maintained between balusters, with the maximum space being 6 inches to prevent an individual from falling through.
Stair stringer guidelines
Stair stringers are the structural elements that support the treads and risers of a staircase. Building codes specify that stair stringers should be made of a material that is capable of supporting the weight of the staircase, including the anticipated live load. The maximum span between stair stringers depends on the type of material used and the dimensions of the staircase. It is important to consult the specific building codes in your area to determine the appropriate span for your staircase.
Lighting and visibility requirements
Building codes also address the lighting and visibility of staircases. For safety purposes, it is essential to have proper lighting in the stairwell. Building codes typically require that stairways be illuminated with a minimum of one light fixture or a light switch at each floor level. Additionally, the stairs should be made visible at all times, with non-slip treads and contrasting nosings to clearly define the edges of each step.
