Understanding the Basics of a Compass
Before we dive into how to use a compass to navigate, it’s important to understand the basic components of a compass. A typical compass consists of a rotating magnetic needle that always points towards the Earth’s magnetic North Pole. The compass also has a base that is marked with degrees indicating North, East, South, and West.
Locating True North
The first step in navigating with a compass is to locate true North. This can be done with the help of a map which typically has a legend indicating the declination angle for the particular location. The angle is the difference between magnetic North and true North. Once you’ve located true North, hold the compass steadily with the baseplate level and the direction of travel arrow pointing straight ahead in the desired direction.
Setting a Bearing
A bearing is simply the direction you want to travel. To set a bearing on your compass, align the compass needle with the degree markings on the baseplate until the North indicator aligns with the magnetic needle. Once aligned, turn the compass housing to align the bearing with the direction of travel arrow. Your compass is now set to the specific bearing you want to follow.
Following a Bearing
With your compass set to the desired bearing, hold it level and aligned with your body’s midline. Turn your whole body until the magnetic needle is aligned with the orienting arrow on the compass housing. You are now facing the correct direction. Look up and visually pick a landmark in your destination that lines up with your compass bearing, and move towards that landmark. As you move, occasionally check your compass to ensure that you’re still on the correct bearing.
Cautions and Other Tips
It’s important to remember that a compass measures magnetic north, not true north. As mentioned earlier, maps typically have information to help you adjust for declination. Using a compass requires practice, so it’s a good idea to practice in familiar surroundings before venturing into unfamiliar territory. Finally, remember to carry a backup compass and know how to use other navigation tools such as maps and GPS in case your compass fails or becomes inaccurate.
